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This recipe and photos are courtesy of
Cynthia Detterick-Pineda of Andrews, TX. More of Cynthia's
Southwest Recipes.
In the 25 years my husband and I have been
married, I cannot recall a single Christmas or Thanksgiving without
tamales. Though not “native” to New Mexico, tamales have been adopted by the
state and are very popular. Numerous adaptations have been made on the basic
tamale, including vegetarian tamales, chicken tamales, and even chocolate
tamales.
For the moment, I only want to go over the basic tamale recipe which uses
either pork or beef. Pork is probably the more traditional, but this recipe
can use any sort of meat “stuffing” which has been marinated and cooked in a
red chile sauce. Most people are intimidated by making tamales,
but there is no need to be. My step by step process will insure that you
make wonderful tamales!
Tamales - How To Make Tamales
 For the sake
of time, and most likely sanity, I am listing more modern
ingredients. I have never actually used a metate to grind
down corn for masa, but I can imagine that this would have been a
time consuming and difficult job. In the distant past, metates and
molcajete (see photo on right) were common place in the preparation of tamales, as well
as many other dishes. I have used my molcajete, but more often I
will use a food processor or blender, and am glad that I have these!
Thankfully we now also have a corn masa for preparing tamales that
can be found in almost all grocery stores.
There are three (3) important components to a tamale:
Recipe Type:
Pork,
History
Cuisine:
Southwest, Mexican, Latino
Yields: Makes many
Carnitas cook time: 2 hr
Tamale dough prep time: 15 min
Assembling tamales: 30 min
Cook (steaming) time: 1 hr
Carnitas:
Carnita (kahr-NEE-tahz) - Mexican for "little meats." This dish is
simply small bits or shreds of well browned pork. It's made from an
inexpensive cut of pork that's simmered in a small amount of water
until tender, then finished by cooking the pieces in pork fat until
nicely browned all over.
The recipe for
Carne Adovada may also be
used in place of this Carnitas Recipe.
Ingredients:
4 to 5 pounds boneless pork shoulder, fat trimmed and meat cut into
1-inch cubes
2 teaspoons salt
2
onions, coarsely chopped
8
garlic cloves
1 dozen whole
peppercorns
2 teaspoons whole cumin seeds
1 teaspoon Mexican oregano
2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1 teaspoon black pepper
1 teaspoon paprika
IMPORTANT: Make sure that you have all the ingredients and
equipment needed for the recipe before you start preparing.
Preparation:
In a large pot
over medium heat, combine pork cubes and just enough water to cover
the pork. Add salt, onions, garlic, peppercorns, cumin seeds, and
oregano; bring to a boil. To keep the peppercorns and cumin seeds
separate, place them in cheese cloth and tie before adding to the
meat pot (or you can do like me and use a tea ball - these work
great).
As the meat comes
to a boil, a foam will rise to the surface; skim this foam off, then
reduce heat to low, and let mixture simmer. You will need to simmer
the meat for approximately 1 1/2 hours, adding water as needed to
keep the pot from going dry. Do not allow this to boil during this
time, simmer only. When done, remove from heat.
Allow the pork to
cool in it’s own broth. Once cooled, removed the pork from the
broth; reserving the broth for later use in making the Masa Dough.
Shred the pork by using two forks to pull the meat apart, or you can
use a food processor fitted with the plastic “dough” blade to shred.
Thoroughly mix
the cinnamon, black pepper and paprika thoroughly into the meat.
Refrigerate the cooked pork and the pork broth, covered, until ready
to make the tamales.
Corn Husk Wrappers:
1 (16-ounce) bag of dried corn husks (hojas)*
*
These can be found in online
and in the
ethnic food aisle of most grocers.
Fill a large pot, or your sink, with hot
water and put the husks to soak.
NOTE: There are some people who use foil or
other wrapping materials, but I cannot see making tamales and not using the
original ingredients. The corn husks allow the steam to penetrate just
right, so the tamales are well cooked.
Tamale
(Masa) Dough:
 4
pound bag of prepared
Masa/Maseca Tamale Corn Flour*
3 tablespoons paprika
3 tablespoons salt
3 tablespoons chili powder
3 tablespoons garlic powder
2 cups corn oil
2 quarts pork or chicken broth (use your reserved pork broth)**
* Do not
confuse masa flour with cornmeal, as they are made from different types of
corn and you will not achieve the same results in your tamales if you use
cornmeal. Masa mix can be purchased in Latin American markets or
supermarkets that carry Latin American products. It can also be purchased by
mail order (online) if not available locally.
** Skim
the fat off of the chilled pork broth before using.
 In
a large bowl (and I mean a very large bowl), place 1/2 the bag
(approximately 2 pounds) of
Masa/Maseca Tamale Corn Flour. To
this add the paprika, salt, chili powder, and garlic powder.
Using clean
hands, work the dry ingredients together, mixing well so that you
don’t end up with clumps of spices (this
wouldn’t taste too good, and the rest of the masa would not be
seasoned well).
Once you have the
masa flour and the other dry ingredients well combined, add the corn
oil all at once.
Continue to work
this with your hands, mixing the corn oil into the dry
ingredients. Once this is distributed well, begin adding the warm
pork or chicken broth, 1 cup at a time. Keep mixing, and adding
broth, until your masa is the consistency of paste or peanut
butter. You will probably be using both hands before you get to this
point. NOTE: You may need to add more
masa mix, or more liquid as you are mixing so you obtain the right
consistency.
Assembling the Tamales:
Carefully
separate the soaked corn husks, and place them on a towel on the
countertop. Arrange your ingredients in the order you will be
assembling them (at least that is how I have found is easiest).
|
(1)
Take 1 (or 2 if the corn husks are very narrow) corn husks and place them
in your hand (pinched-looking
end toward your fingers and smooth side of a corn husk up). |
(2) Slightly overlap the
corn husks.
If a corn
husk rips or one is too small, overlap two together and continue
wrapping and tying as usual.
|
(3)
Using a butter knife or with your other hand, take enough of the masa to
spread over the corn husks covering the top 2/3 and 2/3 of one side. You
want the masa to be about 1/4-inch. thick.
If you spread it too thick, it will be difficult to roll up with the meat
added and it will squeeze out onto your hand or counter. If you make it too
thin, you will have the meat falling out in the steamer.
NOTE: The photo shows an idea that
I
came up with after watching the little kids use their hands to
flatten out the masa (The kids tamales were looking better than
the adults!) So I took a hoja and used it to press down the
masa under it. It makes it easy to get an even layer that is
just the right thickness.
|
|
(4)
Add about 1 tablespoon of the shredded meat, spreading it evenly down the center of
the masa (careful to leave 1/2-inch at the top and bottom, and room on the
sides for the masa to close around the meat).
After you have put together a few, you will be able to better gauge the
amount to add and still be able to roll up your tamale. |
(5)
Carefully roll the tamale, starting with the side covered in masa. Turn
right side over to center of filling; fold left side over
filling, allowing plain part of husk to wrap around filling.
Fold top end down over bottom end. |
(6)
Roll it snug, but not too tight. Too tight and you might end up
with a hand full of masa and this really cannot be used to make a new one.
You may want to make your tamales “conveyor” style, or make several husks
with masa, then proceed to the next step. Because of the amount of work put
into making tamales, a great time to make them is when friends and family
are present. Conveyor style allows you to get them into the pot faster,
which means everyone gets to eat faster! |
Steaming the Tamales:
Stand the tamales
upright (folded side down) in a
large steamer pot fitted with a
steamer basked and a lid. For best results, the tamales should be
firmly packed, put not too tightly, as the dough needs room to
expand some.
NOTE: I use my pasta pot, or my extra large stock pot with a wire
rack supported on two clean bricks (very well washed bricks). There
are “tamale” pots you can buy that are made specifically for tamale
making.
Once you have a
full pot of assembled tamales, fill the bottom of the steamer pot
with water, making sure the bottoms of the tamales are not in the
water. Cover and bring just to a boil. Keep the water bubbling, not
a hard boil. Once steam has begun to escape from the pot, reduce the
heat to medium; keep these steaming for at least 2 hours, adding
water as needed so the pot doesn’t go dry.
 The
tamales are done when the masa dough around the meat feels firm there are no
parts of uncooked dough left. To test the tamales for doneness, remove one
tamale from the steamer. Let this cool for a moment or two. As you open the
husks, the dough should come away easily from the husks and be completely
smooth. To make doubly sure, open up the tamales and see if they are spongy and
well cooked throughout. Remove the tamales, and let them rest on the counter for
a few minutes. This will help them finish “setting” up and let them cool so no
one burns their mouth (well at least not from the stove heat, they may get a
burn if the chile is extra hot!)
They can be eaten right way,
stored in
plastic bags or containers in the refrigerator for 2 to 3 days, or they can be
frozen for up to 3 months (that is if they last that long). If you use a vacuum
sealer they can be kept frozen up to a year.
To reheat the tamales, wrap in foil and place in
350 degree F. oven about 30 minutes.
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