Gumbo has been called the greatest contribution of Louisiana kitchens to
American cuisine
When the first French settlers came to
Louisiana, they brought their love for bouillabaisse, a highly seasoned fish stew. Having none of the usual ingredients necessary to make a typical French bouillabaisse,
they substituted local ingredients. After about a century, with the Spanish, Africans, and Natives of the region offering their contributions of food,
the stew was no longer recognizable as bouillabaisse and became gumbo. What started out as second best became better than the original.
The word gumbo is derived from African words for okra
(guingombo, tchingombo, and kingombo), a pod-like vegetable introduced by African slaves and often used to thicken the stew.
Gumbo is a classic Cajun one pot, communal stew that is especially important around Mardi Gras (the Mardi Gras season officially begins twelve days after
Christmas, on January 6, and culminates on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, the start of Lent).
What is Roux? There is only one rule that remains constant in making gumbo:
First
you make a roux. The roux, a flour and oil or butter mixture, which acts as a thickening
agent, is the gumbo's base. There are no other hard-and-fast rules for the ingredients
used in making gumbo - anything that flies, crawls, creeps, or lies still may end up
in the gumbo pot. There are as many recipes for gumbo as there are cooks in Louisiana. The
making of gumbo draws out the competitive streak in most Louisianans, and most cooks
closely guard their recipes.
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Courir de Mardi Gras photos courtesy of the web site Mardi Gras in Rural Acadiana, published the University
of Southwestern Louisiana's Center for Louisiana Studies.
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In some rural areas of Louisiana, masked and costumed horseback
riders participate in what is called the Courir de Mardi Gras, which means "run of
Mardi Gras." Routes can be as long as sixty miles, and the riders may visit as
many as thirty households. They ride up to a farmhouse along the route to
ask permission for the group to come up to the house. When permission is granted, the
riders charge toward the house, where they sing, dance, and beg until the owner offers
them an ingredient for making their gumbo. Often the owner will throw a live chicken into
the air that the riders will chase, like football players trying to recover a fumble.
Today, people come from all over to watch the riders start their Courir de Mardi Gras.
They also are there to greet the riders after the run and to help cook a large gumbo with
the food that was collected. The festivities end promptly at midnight, the beginning of Lent.
Check out the
History and Legends of Gumbo.
Seafood Gumbo Recipe - New Orleans Style Gumbo
Photo courtesy of City of St. Martinvill, Louisiana.
Leo Neil of Crosby, Texas generously shared this fantastic New Orleans Gumbo recipe
with me. Leo says, "I'm very passionate about New Orleans traditional cooking and
it's a shame to what culinary level the mighty gumbo has sunk. I always try gumbo in
restaurants and I've been to some of the best, but they NEVER get it right."
This thick heavy soup with roux as a base is served hot in a bowl with a healthy portion of rice.
Seafood Gumbo - How To Make Gumbo
Recipe Type:
Soup/Stew,
Seafood,
Shrimp,
Oysters,
Crab
Cuisine:
Southern,
Cajun/Creole
Yields: 6 Servings
Prep time: 1 hr
Cook time: 2 hr
Ingredients:
Roux (see recipe and directions below)
1 pound okra, sliced
2 tablespoons vegetable shortening
3 tablespoons butter
1 onion, chopped
1/2 cup chopped celery
1 pound fresh
shrimp, peeled and deveined*
1 jar fresh oysters (check for shells)
2 cloves
garlic, chopped fine
1 tablespoon chopped green bell pepper
1 can (10 1/2 ounces) tomatoes
2 sprigs parsley, chopped
1 bay leaf (remove before serving)
2 teaspoons
Cavender's Greek Seasoning**
2 quarts water or fish stock
1 bunch green onion, chopped
1/2 pound crabmeat or 1 dozen whole crabs***
Salt and pepper
Hot cooked long-grain white rice
Crackers
1 teaspoon
File Powder, optional****
* In New Orleans they sell what are called
"gumbo shrimp." They are not the big shrimp that you use in a "stand
alone" shrimp dish. They are used more for flavor than texture. I guess you could put
some of the shrimp in early for the simmering and some later for the presentation.
Some people in New Orleans even boil the shells and heads to get that serious shrimp
flavor. I don't care for it myself; it has that "low tide" taste!
** If you can't find
Cavender's Greek Seasoning, you can substitute another brand of seasoning salt - but Cavender's is the best.
*** If using whole crabs, scald live hard-shelled crabs and clean, removing the spongy
substance and the "sand bag" on the under part. Break off and crack the claws
and cut the body in half.
**** Gumbo is also thickened with
File Powder, made from ground dried leaves of the sassafras tree. File powder must be stirred into gumbo after it's removed
from the heat because undue cooking makes the powder tough and stringy.
Preparation:
Start making the Roux (see below recipes).
In a large frying pan:, fry okra in 2 tablespoons shortening
approximately 30 to 40 minutes or until it ceases to "rope" (slimy strings
connecting the okra); remove from heat and set aside. NOTE: Take your time and don't burn it. It's worth the trouble.
In a Gumbo Pot or a large
Dutch Oven over medium-high heat, melt the butter and fry the onions and celery about 5 minutes or until soft.
Add the shrimp, oysters, garlic, and bell
pepper; simmer 2 minutes. Add tomatoes, parsley, bay leaf, Cavender's Seasoning,
water or fish stock, green onion, fried okra, prepared Roux, and crabmeat or crabs.
Add salt and pepper to taste. Let gumbo simmer for approximately 30 minutes
Serve with hot rice, crackers, and file on the side.
Makes 6 servings.
Roux - How To Make Roux:
Many New Orleans recipes start with "First you make a roux." A roux is a
cooked mixture of flour and a cooking fat that is used to thicken sauces,
stews, and gravies. The richness of dark colored roux adds both flavor and color to the finished gumbo.
Ingredients:
2 tablespoons vegetable shortening or vegetable oil (your choice)
2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Always use equal amounts of oil and flour when making roux.
Remember this simple rule when increasing
the amount of roux made. A large gumbo would benefit from a full cup of oil combined with a full cup of flour.
Storage: Roux may be made 1 week ahead, cooled completely, and chilled, covered. Roux also freezes well.
Preparation:
Stovetop
Roux: The old-fashion method for making roux.
In a heavy skillet (I like to use my
Cast-Iron Skillet) over medium heat, heat vegetable shortening or oil until hot.
Add flour gradually, stirring or whisking to combine with the shortening or oil.
After adding all the flour, reduce heat to low and cook, stirring frequently, about 45 to 60 minutes or until roux is dark brown (the color of
peanut butter) and has a nutlike odor (it will be very thick and pasty).
NOTE: This process takes some time, depending on how high the heat on your stove is.
The slower, the better, but be ready to remove skillet from the heat and stir more rapidly if the roux appears to be burning. When done,
immediately remove from heat and set aside.
Carefully transfer it into your stockpot and start making gumbo.
Microwave Roux: A quick and easy method for making roux.
You'll also want to use the largest bowl
you have that can fit into the microwave because as it cooks, the roux expands.
Cook the oil on high for 10 minutes.
Stir in the flour, then continue to microwave at a medium setting, in 3-minute increments, stirring each
time, until the roux is dark brown (the color of peanut butter).
NOTE: Each microwave is different so you will have to determine if you need to cook
your roux for another minute or two.
Carefully transfer it into your stockpot and start making gumbo.
